Not all solar scientists agree with such predictions. He projects a more extended period of global cooling than either Zharkova or Landscheidt, lasting as long as 65 years, with the coldest interval around 2043. Landscheidt predicted a protracted cold period centered on the year 2030, based on his observations of an 87-year solar cycle known as a Gleissberg cycle, which has been linked to regional climate fluctuations such as flooding of the Nile River in Africa.Ī more recent prediction, based on a longer 210-year solar cycle, is that of Russian astrophysicist Habibullo Abdussamatov. One of the earliest predictions was by German astronomer and scholar, Theodor Landscheidt, in 2003. Other solar researchers have also predicted an imminent grand solar minimum, but for different reasons. Solar scientists have calculated that the sun’s heat and light output, a quantity known as the total solar irradiance, decreased by 0.22% during the Maunder minimum, which is about four times its normal rise or fall over an 11-year cycle. The Maunder Minimum was unquestionably chilly: alpine glaciers in Europe encroached on farmland the Netherlands’ canals froze every winter and frost fairs on the UK’s frozen Thames River became a common sight.
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